Counselor Education Comprehensive Exam (CECE) Practice Exam

Who is best known for operant conditioning?

1. Ivan Pavlov

2. B.F. Skinner

3. John B. Watson

4. Albert Bandura

The correct answer is: B.F. Skinner

B.F. Skinner is recognized as the leading figure in the study of operant conditioning, which is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology. Operant conditioning is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior, allowing individuals to learn from the consequences of their actions. Skinner developed the idea further by using controlled experiments, particularly with animals such as rats and pigeons, to demonstrate how behavior could be shaped through reinforcement. His work led to the identification of different types of reinforcement, including positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishments, and the schedules of reinforcement, which are crucial for understanding how behaviors are acquired and maintained. This understanding is essential for various applications within counseling and education, as it emphasizes the role of consequences in behavior modification and learning processes. Skinner's contributions have had a lasting impact on psychology, education, and behavior management practices.