Counselor Education Comprehensive Exam (CECE) Practice Exam

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Who developed the concepts of reciprocal inhibition and systematic desensitization?

Edward L. Thorndike
B.F. Skinner
Joseph Wolpe
Albert Bandura

The correct answer is: Joseph Wolpe

The concept of reciprocal inhibition and systematic desensitization was developed by Joseph Wolpe, a key figure in the field of behavior therapy. Reciprocal inhibition is a psychological phenomenon where one response is inhibited by the occurrence of a competing response. This principle is central to systematic desensitization, a therapeutic technique used to help individuals overcome phobias and anxiety disorders by gradually exposing them to the feared stimuli while teaching them relaxation techniques to counteract the anxiety response. Wolpe's work emphasized the importance of conditioning and the gradual exposure to the fear-inducing object or situation, allowing patients to learn that they can remain calm in the presence of their fears. This approach has been foundational in behavioral therapy and remains widely used in clinical settings today.