Counselor Education Comprehensive Exam (CECE) Practice Exam

Which type of assessment instrument did Carl Jung, Herman Rorschach, and Henry Murray develop?

1. Intelligence tests

2. Achievement tests

3. Aptitude tests

4. Projective techniques

The correct answer is: Projective techniques

The correct answer is projective techniques, which are assessment tools designed to reveal a person's unconscious thoughts, feelings, and motivations. Carl Jung, Herman Rorschach, and Henry Murray each contributed significantly to this area of psychological assessment. Jung developed concepts that influenced the interpretation of personality, emphasizing the complexities of the unconscious mind. Rorschach is well-known for the Rorschach inkblot test, where individuals project their feelings and thoughts onto ambiguous inkblot images. This test allows for a deep exploration of the personality structure and emotional functioning. Henry Murray, on the other hand, created the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), which prompts individuals to tell stories about ambiguous pictures, revealing their underlying motives, desires, and conflicts. These projective techniques differ from intelligence tests, which measure cognitive abilities; achievement tests, which assess knowledge and skills in specific areas; and aptitude tests, which predict a person's ability to learn or perform in certain tasks. Each of these other types of assessments serves distinct purposes and utilizes more structured approaches based on cognitive or achievement criteria, whereas projective techniques delve into the deeper, often less conscious aspects of personality.